Importance of maternal mental health

Mental health represents a crucial aspect of overall well-being. According to the WHO, health includes “physical, mental and social wellbeing beyond the absence of disease or infirmity”. This definition emphasizes that mental health is more than the absence of mental illnesses or disabilities. It denotes a state of well-being where individuals recognize their capabilities, effectively handle life's normal stresses, maintain productivity, and contribute positively to their community. Mental health issues can significantly impact various facets of life, including academic or professional performance, interpersonal relationships, and community involvement. Maternal health refers to women's overall well-being and healthcare during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (after giving birth). It encompasses a range of physical, emotional, and social aspects crucial for ensuring a safe and healthy experience for the mother and her newborn child. Antenatal care ensures the well-being of the expectant mother and her unborn child throughout pregnancy. It involves not only medical assessments and tests but also addresses the emotional and mental preparation of women for childbirth. Emotional struggles and mental health issues during pregnancy and postpartum can adversely affect a child's development and behaviour. Poor maternal mental health has wide-ranging negative effects on mothers and their children. Research conducted in South Asian countries has indicated that mothers with a history of mental health issues, particularly depression, are more susceptible to giving birth to underweight babies with stunted growth in the early stages of life. Maternal mental health issues have been associated with inadequate breastfeeding and supplementary feeding methods, poor parenting, reduced mother-child communication, and an increased risk of health and behavioral problems in children. Maternal mental health issues can lead to various adverse outcomes for mothers, including reduced quality of life, impaired functioning, and maternal suicide. Addressing these mental health concerns is essential to improve overall maternal health. Maternal anxiety, depression, and stress can affect bonding with the child, infant feeding practices, and overall caregiving, potentially influencing the child's emotional and cognitive development. In many societies, including India, there is still a stigma associated with mental health issues. Pregnancy and postpartum can be particularly vulnerable times for developing or exacerbating mental health issues.